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Free Isaca Certification CISM Ultimate Study Guide (Updated 1041 Questions)
NEW QUESTION # 547
An organization has purchased an Internet sales company to extend the sales department. The information security manager's FIRST step to ensure the security policy framework encompasses the new business model is to:
- A. implement both companies' policies separately
- B. merge both companies' policies
- C. perform a vulnerability assessment
- D. perform a gap analysis.
Answer: D
Explanation:
Performing a gap analysis is the first step to ensure the security policy framework encompasses the new business model because it is a process of comparing the current state of security policies and controls with the desired or required state. A gap analysis helps to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the existing security policy framework, as well as the opportunities and threats posed by the new business model. A gap analysis also helps to prioritize the actions and resources needed to close the gaps and align the security policy framework with the new business objectives and requirements. Therefore, performing a gap analysis is the correct answer.
Reference:
https://secureframe.com/blog/security-frameworks
https://www.techtarget.com/searchsecurity/tip/IT-security-frameworks-and-standards-Choosing-the-right-one
NEW QUESTION # 548
Which of the following would MOST effectively ensure that information security is implemented in a new system?
- A. Secure code reviews
- B. Security scanning
- C. Security baselines
- D. Penetration testing
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 549
Which of the following is the BEST way to achieve compliance with new global regulations related to the protection of personal information?
- A. Execute a risk treatment plan.
- B. Review contracts and statements of work (SOWs) with vendors.
- C. Determine current and desired state of controls.
- D. Implement data regionalization controls.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The best way to achieve compliance with new global regulations related to the protection of personal information is to determine the current and desired state of controls, as this helps the information security manager to identify the gaps and requirements for compliance, and to prioritize and implement the necessary actions and measures to meet the regulatory standards. The current state of controls refers to the existing level of protection and compliance of the personal information, while the desired state of controls refers to the target level of protection and compliance that is required by the new regulations. By comparing the current and desired state of controls, the information security manager can assess the maturity and effectiveness of the information security program, and plan and execute a risk treatment plan to address the risks and issues related to the protection of personal information. Executing a risk treatment plan, reviewing contracts and statements of work (SOWs) with vendors, and implementing data regionalization controls are also important, but not as important as determining the current and desired state of controls, as they are dependent on the outcome of the gap analysis and the risk assessment, and may not be sufficient or appropriate to achieve compliance with the new regulations. Reference = CISM Review Manual 2023, page 491; CISM Review Questions, Answers & Explanations Manual 2023, page 352; ISACA CISM - iSecPrep, page 203
NEW QUESTION # 550
Which of the following is the BEST indication of an effective information security awareness training program?
- A. An increase in positive user feedback
- B. An increase in the frequency of phishing tests
- C. An increase in the speed of incident resolution
- D. An increase in the identification rate during phishing simulations
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation
An effective information security awareness training program should aim to improve the knowledge, skills and behavior of the employees regarding information security. One of the ways to measure the effectiveness of such a program is to conduct phishing simulations, which are mock phishing attacks that test the employees' ability to identify and report phishing emails. An increase in the identification rate during phishing simulations indicates that the employees have learned how to recognize and avoid phishing attempts, which is one of the common threats to information security. Therefore, this is the best indication of an effective information security awareness training program among the given options.
The other options are not as reliable or relevant as indicators of an effective information security awareness training program. An increase in the frequency of phishing tests does not necessarily mean that the employees are learning from them or that the tests are aligned with the learning objectives of the program. An increase in positive user feedback may reflect the satisfaction or engagement of the employees with the program, but it does not measure the actual learning outcomes or behavior changes. An increase in the speed of incident resolution may be influenced by other factors, such as the availability and efficiency of the incident response team, the severity and complexity of the incidents, or the tools and processes used for incident management.
Moreover, the speed of incident resolution does not reflect the prevention or reduction of incidents, which is a more desirable goal of an information security awareness training program. References = CISM Review Manual, 16th Edition, ISACA, 2022, pp. 201-202, 207-208.
CISM Questions, Answers & Explanations Database, ISACA, 2022, QID 1001.
NEW QUESTION # 551
Prior to having a third party perform an attack and penetration test against an organization, the MOST important action is to ensure that:
- A. goals and objectives are clearly defined.
- B. special backups of production servers are taken.
- C. the technical staff has been briefed on what to expect.
- D. the third party provides a demonstration on a test system.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The most important action is to clearly define the goals and objectives of the test. Assuming that adequate backup procedures are in place, special backups should not be necessary. Technical staff should not be briefed nor should there be a demo as this will reduce the spontaneity of the test.
NEW QUESTION # 552
Which of the following is MOST important to ensure incident management readiness?
- A. The plan is updated annually.
- B. The plan is regularly tested.
- C. The plan is compliant with industry standards.
- D. The plan is concise and includes a checklist.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Regular testing ensures that the incident management plan is practical and effective in real-world scenarios.
"Regular testing of the incident response plan is essential to verify that it can be executed effectively and that staff understand their roles."
- CISM Review Manual 15th Edition, Chapter 4: Incident Management, Section: Testing and Evaluation*
NEW QUESTION # 553
Which of the following is MOST important for an information security manager to consider when identifying information security resource requirements?
- A. Availability of potential resources
- B. Information security incidents
- C. Information security strategy
- D. Current resourcing levels
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 554
When properly implemented, secure transmission protocols protect transactions:
- A. from denial of service (DoS) attacks.
- B. from eavesdropping.
- C. on the client desktop.
- D. in the server's database.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 555
What is the GREATEST advantage of documented guidelines and operating procedures from a security perspective?
- A. Ensure reusability to meet compliance to quality requirements
- B. Ensure compliance to security standards and regulatory requirements
- C. Provide detailed instructions on how to carry out different types of tasks
- D. Ensure consistency of activities to provide a more stable environment
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Developing procedures and guidelines to ensure that business processes address information security risk is critical to the management of an information security program. Developing procedures and guidelines establishes a baseline for security program performance and consistency of security activities.
NEW QUESTION # 556
Which of the following would BEST mitigate accidental data loss events?
- A. Conduct a data loss prevention (DLP) audit.
- B. Conduct periodic user awareness training.
- C. Obtain senior management support for the information security strategy.
- D. Enforce a data hard drive encryption policy.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Conducting periodic user awareness training is the best way to mitigate accidental data loss events because it can educate the users on the causes, consequences, and prevention of data loss, and increase their awareness of the security policies and procedures of the organization. User awareness training can also help users to identify and report potential data loss incidents, and to adopt good practices such as backing up data, encrypting data, and using secure channels for data transmission and storage.
NEW QUESTION # 557
An organization has a process in place that involves the use of a vendor. A risk assessment was completed during the development of the process. A year after the implementation a monetary decision has been made to use a different vendor. What, if anything, should occur?
- A. Nothing, since a risk assessment was completed during development.
- B. A vulnerability assessment should be conducted.
- C. A new risk assessment should be performed.
- D. The new vendor's SAS 70 type II report should be reviewed.
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
The risk assessment process is continual and any changes to an established process should include a new- risk assessment. While a review of the SAS 70 report and a vulnerability assessment may be components of a risk assessment, neither would constitute sufficient due diligence on its own.
NEW QUESTION # 558
Which of the following is the MOST immediate consequence of failing to tune a newly installed intrusion detection system (IDS) with the threshold set to a low value?
- A. Attack profiles are ignored
- B. The number of false positives increases
- C. Active probing is missed
- D. The number of false negatives increases
Answer: B
Explanation:
Failure to tune an intrusion detection system (IDS) will result in many false positives, especially when the threshold is set to a low value. The other options are less likely given the fact that the threshold for sounding an alarm is set to a low value.
NEW QUESTION # 559
The BEST way to avoid session hijacking is to use:
- A. strong password controls.
- B. a reverse lookup.
- C. a secure protocol.
- D. a firewall
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 560
Which of the following will BEST ensure that management takes ownership of the decision making process for information security?
- A. Security policies and procedures
- B. Security awareness campaigns
- C. Security- steering committees
- D. Annual self-assessment by management
Answer: C
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Security steering committees provide a forum for management to express its opinion and take ownership in the decision making process. Security awareness campaigns, security policies and procedures, and self- assessment exercises are all good but do not exemplify the taking of ownership by management.
NEW QUESTION # 561
Which of the following is an information security manager's BEST course of action when a threat intelligence report indicates a large number of ransomware attacks targeting the industry?
- A. Increase the frequency of system backups.
- B. Assess the risk to the organization.
- C. Review the mitigating security controls.
- D. Notify staff members of the threat.
Answer: B
Explanation:
The best course of action for an information security manager when a threat intelligence report indicates a large number of ransomware attacks targeting the industry is to assess the risk to the organization. This means evaluating the likelihood and impact of a potential ransomware attack on the organization's assets, operations, and reputation, based on the current threat landscape, the organization's security posture, and the effectiveness of the existing security controls. A risk assessment can help the information security manager prioritize the most critical assets and processes, identify the gaps and weaknesses in the security architecture, and determine the appropriate risk response strategies, such as avoidance, mitigation, transfer, or acceptance. A risk assessment can also provide a business case for requesting additional resources or support from senior management to improve the organization's security resilience and readiness. The other options are not the best course of action because they are either too reactive or too narrow in scope. Increasing the frequency of system backups (A) is a good practice to ensure data availability and recovery in case of a ransomware attack, but it does not address the prevention or detection of the attack, nor does it consider the potential data breach or extortion that may accompany the attack. Reviewing the mitigating security controls (B) is a part of the risk assessment process, but it is not sufficient by itself. The information security manager should also consider the threat sources, the vulnerabilities, the impact, and the risk appetite of the organization. Notifying staff members of the threat is a useful awareness and education measure, but it should be done after the risk assessment and in conjunction with other security policies and procedures. Staff members should be informed of the potential risks, the indicators of compromise, the reporting mechanisms, and the best practices to avoid or respond to a ransomware attack. Reference = CISM Review Manual 2022, pages 77-78, 81-82, 316; CISM Item Development Guide 2022, page 9; #StopRansomware Guide | CISA; [The Human Consequences of Ransomware Attacks - ISACA]; [Ransomware Response, Safeguards and Countermeasures - ISACA]
NEW QUESTION # 562
Which of the following BEST enables an organization to transform its culture to support information security?
- A. Robust technical security controls
- B. Periodic compliance audits
- C. Strong management support
- D. Incentives for security incident reporting
Answer: C
Explanation:
According to the CISM Review Manual (Digital Version), page 5, information security culture is the set of values, attitudes, and behaviors that shape how an organization and its employees view and practice information security. Transforming the information security culture requires a change management process that involves the following steps: creating a sense of urgency, forming a powerful coalition, developing a vision and strategy, communicating the vision, empowering broad-based action, generating short-term wins, consolidating gains and producing more change, and anchoring new approaches in the culture1. Among the four options, strong management support is the best enabler for transforming the information security culture, as it can provide the necessary leadership, resources, sponsorship, and alignment for the change management process. Periodic compliance audits, robust technical security controls, and incentives for security incident reporting are important elements of information security, but they are not sufficient to change the culture without strong management support. References = 1: CISM Review Manual (Digital Version), page 5
NEW QUESTION # 563
An information security manager has researched several options for handling ongoing security concerns and will be presenting these solutions to business managers. Which of the following with BEST enable business managers to make an informed decision?
- A. Business impact analysts (BIA)
- B. Risk analysis
- C. Cost-benefit analysis
- D. Gap analysis
Answer: C
NEW QUESTION # 564
Which of the following is MOST important to the successful promotion of good security management practices?
- A. Management support
- B. Security metrics
- C. Periodic training
- D. Security baselines
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Without management support, all other efforts will be undermined. Metrics, baselines and training are all important, but they depend on management support for their success.
NEW QUESTION # 565
Which of the following is MOST important to do after a security incident has been verified?
- A. Contact forensic investigators to determine the root cause.
- B. Notify the appropriate law enforcement authorities of the incident.
- C. Follow the escalation process to inform key stakeholders.
- D. Prevent the incident from creating further damage to the organization.
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 566
Who can BEST approve plans to implement an information security governance framework?
- A. Internal auditor
- B. Information security management
- C. Infrastructure management
- D. Steering committee
Answer: D
Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Explanation:
Senior management that is part of the security steering committee is in the best position to approve plans to implement an information security governance framework. An internal auditor is secondary' to the authority and influence of senior management. Information security management should not have the authority to approve the security governance framework. Infrastructure management will not be in the best position since it focuses more on the technologies than on the business.
NEW QUESTION # 567
Several critical systems have been compromised with malware. Which of the following is the BEST strategy to eradicate this incident?
- A. Perform malware scanning.
- B. Reimage the systems.
- C. Block access to the impacted systems.
- D. Perform a vulnerability assessment.
Answer: B
NEW QUESTION # 568
Which of the following is a PRIMARY objective of incident classification?
- A. Reducing escalations to management
- B. Enabling incident reporting
- C. Complying with regulatory requirements
- D. Increasing response efficiency
Answer: D
NEW QUESTION # 569
When speaking to an organization's human resources department about information security, an information security manager should focus on the need for:
- A. recruitment of technical IT employees.
- B. security awareness training for employees.
- C. an adequate budget for the security program.
- D. periodic risk assessments.
Answer: B
Explanation:
Section: INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT
Explanation:
An information security manager has to impress upon the human resources department the need for security awareness training for all employees. Budget considerations are more of an accounting function. The human resources department would become involved once they are convinced for the need of security awareness training. Recruiting IT-savvy staff may bring in new employees with better awareness of information security, but that is not a replacement for the training requirements of the other employees. Periodic risk assessments may or may not involve the human resources department function.
NEW QUESTION # 570
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