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ISACA Cybersecurity-Audit-Certificate Exam Syllabus Topics:
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NEW QUESTION # 36
An organization's responsibility to protect its assets and operations, including IT infrastructure and information, is referred to as:
- A. organizational cybersecurity policies and procedures.
- B. corporate risk management and assurance strategy.
- C. cybersecurity goals, objectives, and mission.
- D. governance, risk management, and compliance.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The responsibility of an organization to protect its assets, including IT infrastructure and information, falls under the broader umbrella of governance, risk management, and compliance (GRC). Governance ensures that organizational activities, like managing IT operations, are aligned with the business's goals, risk management involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks, and compliance ensures that the organization adheres to laws, regulations, and policies.
Reference = While I can't provide direct references from the Cybersecurity Audit Manual, the concept of GRC is widely recognized in cybersecurity frameworks and best practices, such as those outlined by ISACA and other industry standards.
NEW QUESTION # 37
An IS auditor has learned that a cloud service provider has not adequately secured its application programming interface (API). Which of the following is MOST important for the auditor to consider in an assessment of the potential risk factors?
- A. Denial of service
- B. Confidentiality, integrity, and availability
- C. Identity spoofing and phishing
- D. Resource contention
Answer: B
Explanation:
Explanation
The MOST important thing for an IS auditor to consider in an assessment of the potential risk factors when a cloud service provider has not adequately secured its application programming interface (API) is the impact on the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the cloud service. An API is a set of rules and protocols that allows communication and interaction between different software components or systems. An API is often used by cloud service providers to enable customers to access and manage their cloud resources and services.
However, if an API is not adequately secured, it can expose the cloud service provider and its customers to various threats, such as unauthorized access, data breaches, tampering, denial-of-service attacks, or malicious code injection.
NEW QUESTION # 38
Which of the following is the SLOWEST method of restoring data from backup media?
- A. Incremental backup
- B. Monthly backup
- C. Full backup
- D. Differential Backup
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The SLOWEST method of restoring data from backup media is an incremental backup. This is because an incremental backup is a type of backup that only copies the files that have been created or modified since the previous backup, whether it was a full or an incremental backup. An incremental backup makes the restoration process slower, as it requires restoring multiple backups in a specific order and sequence, starting from the last full backup and then applying each incremental backup until the desired point in time is reached. The other options are not methods of restoring data from backup media that are slower than an incremental backup, but rather different types of backup procedures that copy files based on different criteria, such as monthly backup (A), full backup (B), or differential backup C.
NEW QUESTION # 39
Which of the following is the SLOWEST method of restoring data from backup media?
- A. Incremental backup
- B. Monthly backup
- C. Full backup
- D. Differential Backup
Answer: A
Explanation:
The SLOWEST method of restoring data from backup media is an incremental backup. This is because an incremental backup is a type of backup that only copies the files that have been created or modified since the previous backup, whether it was a full or an incremental backup. An incremental backup makes the restoration process slower, as it requires restoring multiple backups in a specific order and sequence, starting from the last full backup and then applying each incremental backup until the desired point in time is reached. The other options are not methods of restoring data from backup media that are slower than an incremental backup, but rather different types of backup procedures that copy files based on different criteria, such as monthly backup (A), full backup (B), or differential backup C.
NEW QUESTION # 40
When reviewing user management roles, which of the following groups presents the GREATEST risk based on their permissions?
- A. Database administrators
- B. Privileged users
- C. Terminated employees
- D. Contractors
Answer: B
Explanation:
When reviewing user management roles, the group that presents the GREATEST risk based on their permissions is privileged users. This is because privileged users are users who have elevated or special access rights or permissions to systems or resources, such as administrators, superusers, root users, etc. Privileged users present the greatest risk based on their permissions, because they can perform actions or operations that can affect the security, availability, or functionality of systems or resources, such as installing or uninstalling software, modifying or deleting files, granting or revoking access rights, etc. Privileged users can also abuse or misuse their permissions for malicious or unauthorized purposes, such as stealing or leaking sensitive data, sabotaging systems or services, bypassing security controls, etc. The other options are not groups that present the greatest risk based on their permissions, but rather different types of users that may have different levels of access rights or permissions to systems or resources, such as database administrators (B), terminated employees C, or contractors (D).
NEW QUESTION # 41
The "recover" function of the NIST cybersecurity framework is concerned with:
- A. identifying critical data to be recovered in case of a security incident.
- B. allocating costs incurred as part of the implementation of cybersecurity measures.
- C. planning for resilience and timely repair of compromised capabilities and services.
- D. taking appropriate action to contain and eradicate a security incident.
Answer: C
Explanation:
The "Recover" function in the NIST Cybersecurity Framework is focused on developing and implementing activities to maintain plans for resilience and to restore any capabilities or services that were impaired due to a cybersecurity event. This includes efforts to support timely recovery to normal operations to reduce the impact of a cybersecurity incident.
NEW QUESTION # 42
Which of the following is the MOST serious consequence of mobile device loss or theft?
- A. Cost of purchasing replacement devices
- B. Installation of unauthorized applications
- C. Compromise of transient data
- D. Physical damage to devices
Answer: C
Explanation:
The MOST serious consequence of mobile device loss or theft is the compromise of transient data. Transient data is data that is temporarily stored or processed on a mobile device, such as cached data, cookies, browsing history, passwords, or session tokens. Transient data can reveal sensitive information about the user or the organization and can be exploited by attackers to gain access to other systems or networks.
NEW QUESTION # 43
Which of the following controls BEST prevents users from intentionally or unintentionally accessing data they are not authorized to view?
- A. Passwords
- B. Least privilege
- C. Information security policy
- D. Encryption
Answer: B
Explanation:
The principle of least privilege is a security concept that restricts users' access rights to only what is strictly necessary for their job functions. This control is the most effective in preventing unauthorized data access because it minimizes the chances of users, either intentionally or unintentionally, accessing data they are not authorized to view. It ensures that users are granted the minimum levels of access - or permissions - needed to perform their work. This reduces the risk of accidental or deliberate access to sensitive information.
NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following is a weakness associated with the use of symmetric, private keys in wired equivalent privacy (WEP) encryption?
- A. Keys are not retrievable.
- B. Keys are stored in the cloud.
- C. Keys change periodically on networks.
- D. Keys remain unchanged on networks for extended times.
Answer: D
Explanation:
The use of symmetric, private keys in WEP encryption is associated with several weaknesses, one of which is that the keys often remain unchanged on networks for extended periods. This can lead to security vulnerabilities because if an attacker manages to compromise a key, they can potentially gain access to the network and decrypt data for as long as the key remains unchanged.
NEW QUESTION # 45
One way to control the integrity of digital assets is through the use of:
- A. hashing.
- B. caching.
- C. frameworks.
- D. policies.
Answer: A
Explanation:
Hashing is a method used to ensure the integrity of digital assets. It involves applying a hash function to the digital asset's data to produce a unique hash value. This value acts as a digital fingerprint; any alteration to the data will result in a different hash value when the hash function is reapplied. This makes it easy to detect unauthorized changes to the data, thereby protecting the integrity of the digital assets.
NEW QUESTION # 46
Which intrusion detection system component is responsible for collecting data in the form of network packets, log files, or system call traces?
- A. Packet filters
- B. Sensors
- C. Analyzers
- D. Administration modules
Answer: B
Explanation:
The intrusion detection system component that is responsible for collecting data in the form of network packets, log files, or system call traces is sensors. This is because sensors are components of an intrusion detection system that are deployed on various locations or points of the network or system, such as routers, switches, servers, etc., and that capture and collect data from the network traffic or system activities. Sensors then forward the collected data to another component of the intrusion detection system, such as analyzers, for further processing and analysis. The other options are not components of an intrusion detection system that are responsible for collecting data in the form of network packets, log files, or system call traces, but rather different components or techniques that are related to intrusion detection or prevention, such as packet filters (A), analyzers (B), or administration modules C.
NEW QUESTION # 47
Which of the following security mechanisms provides the BEST protection of data when a computer is stolen?
- A. Password-based access control
- B. Secret key encryption
- C. Cryptographic hash function
- D. Digital signature
Answer: B
Explanation:
Secret key encryption, also known as symmetric encryption, involves a single key for both encryption and decryption. This method provides the best protection for data on a computer that is stolen because it renders the data unreadable without the key. Even if the thief has access to the physical hardware, without the secret key, the data remains secure and inaccessible.
NEW QUESTION # 48
Which of the following is a limitation of intrusion detection systems (IDS)?
- A. Application-level vulnerabilities
- B. Limited evidence on intrusive activity
- C. Weak passwords for the administration console
- D. Lack of Interface with system tools
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
A limitation of intrusion detection systems (IDS) is that they cannot detect application-level vulnerabilities. An IDS is a tool that monitors network traffic or system activity and alerts on any suspicious or malicious events.
However, an IDS cannot analyze the logic or functionality of applications and identify vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting, or broken authentication.
NEW QUESTION # 49
What is the PRIMARY purpose of creating a security architecture?
- A. To create a long-term information security strategy
- B. To provide senior management a measure of information security maturity
- C. To visually show gaps in information security controls
- D. To map out how security controls interact with an organization's systems
Answer: A
Explanation:
The PRIMARY purpose of creating a security architecture is to create a long-term information security strategy that aligns with the organization's business goals and objectives. A security architecture defines the vision, principles, standards, policies, and guidelines for how security will be implemented and managed across the organization's systems, networks, and data.
NEW QUESTION # 50
Which of the following backup procedure would only copy files that have changed since the last backup was made?
- A. Incremental backup
- B. Daily backup
- C. Full backup
- D. Differential backup
Answer: A
Explanation:
Explanation
The backup procedure that would only copy files that have changed since the last backup was made is an incremental backup. This is because an incremental backup is a type of backup that only copies the files that have been created or modified since the previous backup, whether it was a full or an incremental backup. An incremental backup helps to reduce the backup time and storage space, as well as the recovery time, as only the changed files need to be restored. The other options are not backup procedures that would only copy files that have changed since the last backup was made, but rather different types of backup procedures that copy files based on different criteria, such as daily backup (B), differential backup C, or full backup (D).
NEW QUESTION # 51
A cybersecurity audit reveals that an organization's risk management function has the right to overrule business management decisions. Would the IS auditor find this arrangement acceptable?
- A. No, because the risk management's oversight function would potentially lose its ability to objectively monitor and measure the business.
- B. No, because the risk management function should be the body that makes risk-related decisions for the organization.
- C. Yes, because this arrangement ensures adequate oversight and enforcement of risk management in the organization.
- D. Yes, because the second line of defense is generally on a higher organizational level than the first line.
Answer: A
Explanation:
The role of risk management is to provide an oversight function, ensuring that the business management's decisions align with the organization's risk appetite and strategy. If the risk management function were to overrule business management decisions, it could compromise its objectivity. This could lead to a conflict of interest and diminish the function's ability to provide unbiased oversight and measurement of business activities.
NEW QUESTION # 52
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